The Philippines’ Public System and Infrastructure Financing
The Philippines is a democratic republic with a president who serves as both the head of state and head of government. The executive branch is led by the president, while the legislative branch consists of a bicameral system: the Senate and the House of Representatives. The judiciary is independent and includes the Supreme Court and lower courts.
National Budget and Financing
For the 2025 fiscal year, the Philippines has approved a record-high budget of PHP 6.33 trillion (approximately USD 109.2 billion). This represents a 10% increase compared to the previous year, reflecting the government’s goal of supporting economic growth and reducing poverty. The largest budget allocations include:
- Education Sector: PHP 1.053 trillion
- Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH): PHP 1.034 trillion
- Department of Health (DOH): PHP 297.6 billion
- Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG): PHP 278.4 billion
- Department of National Defense (DND): PHP 256.1 billion
Responsibility for Infrastructure Development and Maintenance
The Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) is responsible for the planning, construction, and maintenance of national roads, bridges, and flood control structures. Meanwhile, the Department of Transportation (DOTr) oversees transportation infrastructure such as airports, seaports, and railways. These projects are funded through a combination of government funds, loans from international financial institutions, and public-private partnerships (PPPs).
Maintenance of Parks and Public Infrastructure
The maintenance of parks and local infrastructure projects is managed by local government units (LGUs), including city and municipal councils. These local governments prepare their own budgets for the upkeep and development of public facilities, including parks, based on local needs and priorities. Funding sources include local tax revenues, national government transfers, and, in some cases, private donations or partnerships.
Regular maintenance is crucial to ensuring the functionality and safety of public infrastructure. LGUs conduct inspections and plan necessary repairs or upgrades. For major projects, they may seek technical and financial collaboration with national agencies or private entities to ensure efficient execution and sustainable operations.
Infrastructure Projects in the Philippines
In recent years, the Philippines has launched several infrastructure projects in Metro Manila, Iloilo, and Cebu as part of the government’s «Build Better More» (BBM) program, which follows the previous «Build! Build! Build!» initiative. The BBM program, approved by the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA), includes 194 infrastructure projects in public transportation, energy, healthcare, information technology, water resources, and agriculture.
Metro Manila
- Metro Manila Subway: Construction started in 2019, with Phase 1 expected to be completed in 2027 and full completion in 2029.
- MRT Line 7: Construction began in 2016, expected completion in 2025.
- North-South Commuter Railway: Construction started in 2019, with Phase 1 expected by 2025, Phase 2 by 2027, and Phase 3 by 2029.
- New Manila International Airport (Bulacan Airport): Construction began in 2020, expected completion in 2026.
- NLEX Connector: Partial opening in March 2023, full completion expected by December 2024.
- Cavite-Laguna Expressway (CALAX): Construction started in 2015, with various sections opened between 2019 and 2023/2024.
- Bataan-Cavite Interlink Bridge: Construction began in 2023, expected completion in 2027.
- Southeast Metro Manila Expressway: Under construction, expected completion in 2025.
Iloilo
- Panay–Guimaras–Negros Island Bridges: Construction starts in 2025, completion by 2030.
- Jalaur River Multipurpose Project – Stage II: Construction began in 2019 and is ongoing.
- Iloilo River Esplanade: Expansions underway, with 13 sections completed by 2024.
- Iloilo Sunset Boulevard: Construction began in 2022, with continuous expansion.
- Upgrading of Iloilo International Container Port: Expected completion in 2025.
- Iloilo International Airport Expansion: Planned completion in 2028.
- Iloilo Flood Control Project: Expected completion in 2026.
- Iloilo Circumferential Road: Planned completion in 2028.
Cebu
- Cebu Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) System: Partial operation expected in 2024, full operation by 2025.
- Cebu–Mactan Fourth Bridge and Coastal Road: Planned completion in 2028.
- Metro Cebu Expressway: Under construction since 2020.
- New Cebu International Container Port: Expected completion by March 2024.
- Mactan-Cebu International Airport Expansion: Expected completion in 2025.
- Cebu-Bohol Bridge: Planned completion by 2030.
These projects are crucial for strengthening the Philippines’ economic growth, improving transport infrastructure, and increasing access to essential public services.
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Stikkord og beskrivelser:
#Compliance: Overholdelse av juridiske, skattemessige og regulatoriske krav.#D.D.Compliance: Sikrer at investeringer og transaksjoner overholder lover og forskrifter.
#Filippinene: Filippinene er en øynasjon i Sørøst-Asia med over 7 600 øyer. Landet har en befolkning på rundt 114 millioner og hovedstaden er Manila. Det er kjent for sin rike kultur, vakre strender og varierte natur. Økonomien er preget av landbruk, industri og en stor tjenestesektor, inkludert mange filippinere som arbeider i utlandet. Landet har en historie med spansk, amerikansk og japansk kolonisering før det ble uavhengig i 1946.
#Finansiering: Kapitalinnhenting via banker, private investorer og alternative
#Infrastruktur: Infrastruktur omfatter grunnleggende systemer og anlegg som veier, jernbane, havner, flyplasser, strømnett, vann- og avløpssystemer samt telekommunikasjon. Den er avgjørende for transport, økonomisk vekst og samfunnsutvikling. Offentlige og private aktører investerer i infrastruktur for å forbedre mobilitet, sikkerhet og effektivitet. Moderne infrastruktur inkluderer også digitale nettverk og fornybare energikilder.
#Investeringsstrategi: Langsiktig planlegging av eiendomsporteføljer.
#Tomter: Regler om tomter finnes i flere lover og paragrafer avhengig av sammenhengen Plan- og bygningsloven § 11-7 og § 12-5 regulerer arealbruk og hva en tomt kan brukes til Matrikkelloven § 5 og § 6 omhandler opprettelse og registrering av tomter i eiendomsregisteret Avhendingsloven § 1-1 og § 3-1 gjelder kjøp og salg av tomter herunder krav til opplysninger og eventuelle mangler Disse paragrafene regulerer blant annet oppmåling registrering salg og bruk av tomter i Norge.
